Yönetim Biçimi: Otonom cumhuriyet
Bölgesi: Kuzey Kafkasya
Sınır komşuları: Krasnodar Kray, Republic of Kabardino Balkariya, Georgia, part of Stavropol Kray
Alanı: 14,100
Nüfusu: 435,700
Nüfus yoğunluğu: 31
Başkenti: Cherkessk
Başkent nüfusu: 119,100
İdari yapısı: 8 bölge, 2 şehir
Şehirleşme: 47,7%
Tarihi: The Karachay were driven into the highlands of the North Caucasus by Mongol tribes in the 13th century. Their territory was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1828 but they continued to resist Russian rule throughout the 19th century. Many Karachay emigrated to the Ottoman Empire in the 1860-70s to avoid Russian oppression. The Karachay Autonomous Okrug was established in 1920.
The Cherkess are a subgroup of the Circassians. They had come under Russian control in the 1550s for protection against the Crimean Tatars and some Turkic tribes. Relations with Russia deteriorated when many Russians settled in the region. Following the end of the Ottoman claim to the Caucasus in 1829 and the resulting uprisings, Russia completed its conquest of the territory in 1864. Subsequently, many Cherkess also fled to Turkey at this time. The Cherkess Autonomous Oblast was first established in 1922.
The Karachai and Cherkess Autonomous Oblasts were merged to form the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast in accordance with Stalin’s strategy of joining unrelated ethnic groups into administrative units to ’divide and conquer’ any resistance. The Oblasts repeatedly changed name and status during the frequent reshuffling of the peoples of the North Caucasus region. In 1943, the Karachay were deported to Central Asia but the Cherkess remained in the region. The Karachay were rehabilitated and permitted to return in 1957 and Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast was re-established. The territory proclaimed itself a republic in 1990.
Özel kanun ve anlaşmaları: The republic agreed to a division of responsibilities by a treaty with the Russian Federation in 1995.
Karachay-Cherkessiya adopted a program on the coordination of legislative, economic, environmental and legal activities with the Republics of Adygeya and Kabardino-Balkariya in May 1998.
Diğer bilgiler: Income per capita: 48% of federal average. Living costs: 83% of federal average. Subsistence level: 78% of federal average. Infant mortality in 1994: 15.1:1000. Unemployment by the end of 1994 (official figures): 2.6%. Industry (1993, %): fuel and power generation complex (TEK): 7, treatment of raw materials: 23.3, machine building: 11.4, chemical industry: 25.6, light industry: 32.2..